Mars · natural satellite
Deimos
The smaller Martian moon
Deimos is farther from Mars than Phobos. Its smoother-looking surface is covered with loose material that partly fills its craters.
- Mean diameter
- 12.4 km
- Mean orbital distance
- 23,457 km from centre
- Orbital period
- 1.263 Earth days

Compared with our Moon
One diameter scale. Circle shapes compare volume-equivalent diameters; irregular moons are not spheres.
Orbit & discovery
- Surface gravity
- 0.003 m/s²
- Discovery
- 1877
- Discoverer / team
- A. Hall
- Provisional designation
- —
- JPL satellite ID
- 402
- Orbital eccentricity
- 0
- Inclination
- 1.8 degrees
Inclination reference: Laplace. Mean-element epoch: 2000-01-01.5 TDB · MAR099.
Diameters use volume-equivalent mean radii, including for irregular bodies. Mean orbital elements describe an orbit; they are not live positions. Missing physical measurements remain unavailable.
Physical measurements & uncertainties
- Mean radius · km
- 6.2 ±0.24 [1]
- GM · km³/s²
- 0.0000962 ±0.0000028 [MAR097]
- Density · g/cm³
- 1.471 ±0.166 [*]
Missions in the Mars system · 100 records
51 launches · 49 linked events
These records cover the planetary system. A system mission did not necessarily visit this moon. Dedicated targets are marked separately; programme events include the journey and briefings. Launch outcomes do not establish arrival, landing success or present spacecraft operation.
Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
Date to be confirmed
Blue Origin · New Glenn
Mars Orbiter
Date to be confirmed
Relativity Space · Terran R
ExoMars 2028 Rosalind Franklin Rover
October 2028 · date to be confirmed
SpaceX · Falcon Heavy
Mars Lander
Date to be confirmed
Relativity Space · Terran R
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
October 19, 2026 · UTC
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries · H3-24
NASA JAXA MMX Media Teleconference
October 15, 2026 · UTC
Blue Origin
NASA MAVEN Farewell Media Teleconference
June 3, 2026 · UTC
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
EscaPADE
November 13, 2025 · UTC
Blue Origin · New Glenn
NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Finding Teleconference
September 10, 2025 · UTC
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Ingenuity End of Mission Media Teleconference
January 25, 2024 · UTC
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA Insight & MRO Findings Media Briefing
October 27, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Mission Operations Briefing
September 15, 2022 · UTC
NASA Insight Update Media Teleconference
May 17, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 26th Flight
April 19, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 25th Flight
April 8, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 24th Flight
April 3, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 23rd Flight
March 23, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 22nd Flight
March 20, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 21st Flight
March 11, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 20th Flight
February 25, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 19th Flight
February 8, 2022 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 18th Flight
December 15, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 17th Flight
December 5, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 16th Flight
November 21, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 15th Flight
November 6, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 14th Flight
October 25, 2021 · UTC
Briefing on Successful Sample Collection of Martian Rock
September 10, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 13th Flight
September 5, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 12th Flight
August 16, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity 11th Flight
August 5, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Tenth Flight
July 24, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Ninth Flight
July 5, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Eighth Flight
June 22, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Seventh Flight
June 8, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Sixth Flight
May 27, 2021 · UTC
Tianwen-1 Rover Landing
May 14, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Fifth Flight
May 7, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Fourth Flight
April 30, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Third Flight
April 25, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Second Flight
April 22, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Post-Flight Briefing
April 19, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity First Flight Livestream
April 19, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity First Flight
April 19, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Ingenuity Pre-Flight Press Conference
March 23, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Mission Images & Video Release
February 22, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Sol 1 Press Conference
February 19, 2021 · UTC
NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Landing
February 18, 2021 · UTC
Tianwen-1 Mars Orbit Insertion
February 10, 2021 · UTC
Emirates Mars Mission 'Hope' Mars Orbit Insertion
February 9, 2021 · UTC
Mars 2020 Post-Launch News Conference
July 30, 2020 · UTC
Mars 2020 (Perseverance rover & Ingenuity helicopter)
July 30, 2020 · UTC
United Launch Alliance · Atlas V 541
Mars 2020 NASA Administrator & Center Director Briefing
July 29, 2020 · UTC
Mars 2020 Mission Tech & Humans to Mars Briefing
July 28, 2020 · UTC
Mars 2020 Sample Return Briefing
July 28, 2020 · UTC
Mars 2020 Engineering & Science Briefing
July 27, 2020 · UTC
Mars 2020 Pre-Launch News Conference
July 27, 2020 · UTC
Tianwen-1 (Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover)
July 23, 2020 · UTC
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation · Long March 5
Hope (Emirates Mars Mission)
July 19, 2020 · UTC
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries · H-IIA 202
InSight, Mars Cube One 1 & Mars Cube One 2
May 5, 2018 · UTC
United Launch Alliance · Atlas V 401
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter & EDM Schiaparelli lander
March 14, 2016 · UTC
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center · Proton-M Briz-M
MAVEN
November 18, 2013 · UTC
United Launch Alliance · Atlas V 401
MSL (Curiosity)
November 26, 2011 · UTC
United Launch Alliance · Atlas V 541
Phoenix
August 4, 2007 · UTC
United Launch Alliance · Delta II 7925
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
August 12, 2005 · UTC
Lockheed Martin · Atlas V 401
Opportunity Rover
July 8, 2003 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7925H-9.5
Spirit Rover
June 10, 2003 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7925-9.5
Mars Express
June 2, 2003 · UTC
Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) · Soyuz-FG Fregat
Mars Odyssey
April 7, 2001 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7925-9.5
Mars Polar Lander
January 3, 1999 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7425-9.5
Mars Climate Orbiter
December 11, 1998 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7425-9.5
Nozomi
July 3, 1998 · UTC
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science · M-V
Mars Pathfinder
December 4, 1996 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7925
Mars-96
November 16, 1996 · UTC
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center · Proton-K/D-2
Mars Global Surveyor
November 7, 1996 · UTC
United States Air Force · Delta II 7925
Mars Observer
September 25, 1992 · UTC
Martin Marietta · Commercial Titan III
Fobos-2
July 12, 1988 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton-K/D-2
Fobos-1
July 7, 1988 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton-K/D-2
Viking 2
September 9, 1975 · UTC
Lockheed Martin · Titan IIIE
Viking 1
August 20, 1975 · UTC
Lockheed Martin · Titan IIIE
Mars-7
August 9, 1973 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mars-6
August 5, 1973 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mars-5
July 25, 1973 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mars-4
July 21, 1973 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mariner 9
May 30, 1971 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas SLV-3C Centaur
Mars-3
May 28, 1971 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mars-2
May 19, 1971 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mars-2d
May 10, 1971 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mariner 8
May 9, 1971 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas SLV-3C Centaur
Mars-2c
April 2, 1969 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mariner 7
March 27, 1969 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas SLV-3C Centaur
Mars-2b
March 27, 1969 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Proton / UR-500 K/D
Mariner 6
February 25, 1969 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas SLV-3C Centaur
Zond-2
November 30, 1964 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
Mariner 4
November 28, 1964 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas LV-3 Agena D
Mariner 3
November 5, 1964 · UTC
United States Air Force · Atlas LV-3 Agena D
Mars 2a
November 4, 1962 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
Mars 1
November 1, 1962 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
Mars 1c
October 24, 1962 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
Mars-1b
October 14, 1960 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
Mars-1a
October 10, 1960 · UTC
Soviet Space Program · Molniya 8K78
No dedicated-target flight is recorded for this moon.
100 records from the complete 9,386‑record production catalogue.
Sources & measurements
- JPL · IAU-recognized satellite discoveries ↗
- JPL · physical parameters and uncertainties ↗
- JPL · mean orbital elements ↗
- NASA NSSDCA · Jovian sidereal orbital periods ↗
- NASA · planetary exploration history ↗
- NASA · Voyager encounters ↗
- NASA · Galileo ↗
- NASA · Juno ↗
- NASA · Cassini–Huygens ↗
- NASA · New Horizons ↗
- ESA · Juice targets ↗
- NASA · Europa Clipper ↗
- NASA · Dragonfly ↗
- JAXA · MMX ↗
